Working of Institutions (SOCIAL SCIENCE)

 Working of Institutions

Question 1. Name the three organs of the Government. Answer:

Executive

Legislative

Judiciary

Question 2. Who is the head of the state and the head of the government? Answer: The President is the head of the state whereas Prime Minister is the head of the government.

Question 3. What is a Parliament? Name the two houses of the Parliament. Answer: It is the supreme law making body of India. It has two Houses :

Lok Sabha

Rajya Sabha.

Question 4. What are institutions? Answer: The arrangements which are made in modern democracies to run the government.

Question 5. Name any three institutions responsible to run the democratic government in India. Answer:

The Prime Minister and the Cabinet.

The Civil Servant.

The Supreme Court.

Question 6. Name the institution where disputes between citizens and the government are finally settled. Answer: The Supreme Court.

Question 7. Why democratic governments insist on institutions? Give two reasons. Answer:

Institutions involve rules and regulations.

Institutions bind the hands of the rulers as these involve meetings, committees and routines.

Question 8. Which House has more power regarding the money bill? Give reason. Answer: The Lok Sabha exercises more powers in money matters. Once the Lok Sabha passes the budget of any other money related law, the Rajya Sabha cannot reject it. The Rajya Sabha can only delay it by 14 days or suggest changes, in it. The Lok Sabha may or may not accept these changes.

Question 9. Explain No Confidence Motion. Answer: Only a person who enjoys the support of the majority of the members of the Lok Sabha is appointed as the Prime Minister. If a no confidence motion is moved in the Lok Sabha, and passed, then,the Government has to resign.

Question 10. With reference to the Rajya Sabha answer the following questions: (i) What is its power relating to money bill? (ii) Can it pass a No-Confidence Motion? Answer: (i) A Money bill can originate only in the Lok Sabha. When it is sent to the Rajya Sabha, it cannot reject it. The Rajya Sabha can delay it for 14 days. (ii) No, Rajya Sabha cannot pass the No-confidence Motion.

Question 11. Define Executive.

Answer: At different levels of any government we find functionaries who take day-to-day decisions, but do not exercise the supreme power on behalf of the people. All those functionaries are collectively known as the executive.

Question 12. Who appoints the Prime Minister? Answer: The Prime Minister is appointed by the President.

Question 13. What is the tenure of the Prime Minister? Answer: The Prime Minister does not have a fixed tenure. Normally a Prime Minister is elected for 5 years, but remains in power till he enjoys the majority support.

Question 14. Who are Cabinet Ministers?

Answer: They are usually the top level leaders of the ruling party or parties, who are in charge of the major ministries like Defence, Railway, Foreign Affairs etc. Normally, all the major decisions are taken by these ministers.

Question 15. What is judiciary?

Answer: All the courts at different levels in a country are called the judiciary.

Question 16. Which is the highest court of India? Answer: The Supreme Court.

Question 17. “The Constitution of India has made necessary provisions for ensuring independence of judiciary.” Justify your answer by giving two reasons. Answer:

The judges are appointed by the executive on the basis of the prescribed qualifications, and according to a well established procedure.

The Judges cannot be removed at the whims of the executive.

Question 18. Who appoints the Chief Justice of India and the other judges? Answer: The President of India appoints the Chief Justice of India. The President consults other Judges of the Supreme Court and the High Courts while making appointments of other judges.

Question 19. State any two powers of the Supreme Court of India. Answer:

The Supreme Court acts as the guardian of fundamental rights.

It acts as a guardian of the Constitution.

Question 20. What is the composition of Indian judiciary? Answer:

The Supreme Court.

The High Court.

The District Court.

Question 21. Why is there a need for political institutions? [CBSE 2014,15] Answer:

To take decisions : Countries need political institutions to take decisions regarding the welfare of the people. Institutions formulate various policies and programmes.

Implementation : The decisions which have been taken are to be implemented. So countries need institutions to implement the decisions.

To solve the disputes : Institutions are also needed to solve the disputes between various institutions.

To take right decisions : Institutions help the governments to take the right decisions.

welfare schemes.

Question 22. What is public interest litigation? What is its importance? Answer: Any one can approach the courts if public interest is hurt by the actions of government. This is called the public interest litigation. The courts intervene to prevent the misuse of the government’s power to make decisions. They check the malpractices on the part of public officials.

Question 23. What is job reservation? What is its importance? Answer: Under job reservation policy some percentage of total government job vacancies are reserved for people and communities who are economically or socially backward. Job reservation policy give a fair opportunity to those communities who so far had not adequately been represented in government employment.

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